## A. The murder **On 11 May 2022**, Al Jazeera American-Palestinian reporter Shireen Abu Akleh and a group of five other journalists arrived at Balat Al Shuhada’ street in Jenin to report on a raid on the nearby refugee camp by the Israel Defence Forces (IDF). The journalists wore prominent ‘PRESS’ vests that identified them as such, from both the front and back, and followed standard protocols for self-identification as they slowly approached a convoy of five armoured Israeli military vehicles parked along an unnamed street intersecting Balat Al Shuhada’. The Israeli army vehicles were approximately 200 metres south of the journalists. **The journalists present during this incident were:** 1° **Shireen Abu Akleh** (fatally hit in her head) 2° **Shatha Hanaysha** (first eye witness under the fire standing near Shireen when Shireen was shot and killed) 3° **Ali Al-Samoudi** (injured in the shoulder) 4° **Mujahid al-Saadi** 5° **Muhannad Nairoukh** 6° **Majdi Bannoura** **At 6:31 AM**, an **Israeli army special forces marksman** (different from ‘snipers’, they are part of a standard fighting squad: their task is to target shots more accurately than regular troops using guns having a bio-pod and an optical scope such as Trijicon ACOG x4) fired the first burst of six bullets directly at the group of journalists from a sniper hole in the military vehicle at the front of the Israeli army convoy. One of the shots **hit journalist Ali Al-Samoudi in the shoulder**. **Eight seconds later**, as the journalists attempted to take cover, the Israeli army marksman fired a second burst consisting of a further seven distinct gunshots, once again targeting the journalists. One of those bullets **hit Shireen Abu Akleh in the head**, fatally wounding her. **Two minutes later**, an unarmed civilian, Sharif al-Azab, attempted to deliver first aid to Shireen, and he, too, **was fired at with three distinct gunshots**. See the **[Timeline of the incident reconstructed by Forensic Architecture](https://forensic-architecture.org/investigation/the-extrajudicial-killing-of-shireen-abu-akleh-extended-report/#anchor-6)** She was transported to [Ibn Sina Hospital in Jenin](https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/israel-palestine-al-jazeera-journalist-shireen-abu-akleh-shot-dead-jenin), where she was pronounced dead, at the age of 51. The injured journalist, Ali Samoadi, of the Al-Quds newspaper, was shot in the back but survived. ## B. The aftermath of the murder ### On May 11, 2022 : The Israeli military and [Israel's US embassy tweeted a video of Palestinian gunmen in Jenin firing down an alley](https://x.com/naftalibennett/status/1524300920959508484), suggesting they were responsible. However Israeli NGO B'Tselem visited the scene where that footage was taken, and said it was impossible for Abu Akleh to have been hit from there. ### On May 13, 2022 : Abu Akleh’s body was brought from Jenin, where she was killed by Israeli forces on Wednesday, to Jerusalem via Nablus and Ramallah, in a procession where Palestinians paid their respects. Palestinian Authority President Mahmoud Abbas has said that he would take Abu Akleh’s case to the International Criminal Court in an effort to get justice for the veteran reporter, who joined Al Jazeera in 1997, and was an icon in Palestine and the wider Arab world. In a scene that violates all norms and International laws, the Israeli occupation forces stormed the French Hospital in Jerusalem and attacked the mourners of the late Shireen Abu Akleh at the start of the funeral procession. They severely beat the pallbearers of the late journalist. Israeli forces beat crowd of mourners carrying coffin of Shireen Abu Akleh ahead of funeral in the Old City of occupied East Jerusalem. Thousands of Palestinians have gathered for the funeral service, before Abu Akleh is taken to the Mount Zion Protestant Cemetery, where she will be buried alongside her late parents. Sources [1](https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/5/13/mourners-bid-farewell-to-journalist-shireen-abu-akleh-live-news) [](https://www.aljazeera.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/INTERACTIVE-Journalists-killed-by-Israeli-forces-1.png?w=770&resize=770%2C770&quality=80) ## C. Independant Forensic Architecture Investigation ### General conclusion of the investigation : 1) The journalists were clearly identifiable as press/non-combatants to the Israeli army marksman. 2) The Israeli army marksman deliberately and repeatedly targeted Shireen and her fellow journalists with the intention to kill. 3) The attack on Shireen and her journalist colleagues occurred during a period without risk to the Israeli army marksman’s life or that of other soldiers. There were no shots other than those of the Israeli marksman fired at the time and no armed individuals in the vicinity of the journalists. 4) Shireen was deliberately denied first aid after being shot by the Israeli army. News agencies, rights groups and the United Nations have all conducted investigations into her killing and concluded that Abu Akleh was killed – likely deliberately – by Israeli troops. ### Conclusions of [Audio and acoustic analysis](https://content.forensic-architecture.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/2022.11.02_Final-Audio-and-Acoustic-Analysis-SAA-Report.pdf) | Gunfire *before,during and after the killing of Shireen Abu Akleh by Researcher in charge: Dr. Lawrence Abu Hamdan:* The shooter fired a semi-automatic weapon from approximately 180 metres away from Shireen Abu Akleh. This shooter pulled the trigger on seven separate occasions within two seconds making the claim that at no point was there any intentional gunfire carried out by IDF soldiers in a manner intended to harm the journalist” highly improbable. All gunshots audible in the 2 minutes prior to the killing of Shireen Abu Akleh are fired from the same position. No other shots in this recording are firing towards the military position from the the vicinity of Shireen Abu Akleh and her colleagues. This report finds no evidence to support the claims that life-threatening, widespread and indiscriminate shots were fired toward IDF soldiers.” The journalist was not “present in the area during an exchange of fire. . [The online report with videos](https://forensic-architecture.org/investigation/shireen-abu-akleh-the-targeted-killing-of-a-journalist) [the PFD Complete report](https://forensic-architecture.org/investigation/the-extrajudicial-killing-of-shireen-abu-akleh-extended-report/) [](https://pbs.twimg.com/media/FdImqLUXEAYqzil?format=jpg&name=4096x4096) ## D. International statements **On October 13, 2022 UN human rights experts** [have condemned the killing](https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/5/13/un-experts-condemn-shireen-abu-aklehs-killing-demand-probe) of Al Jazeera journalist, Shireen Abu Akleh, and called for a prompt, transparent, thorough and independent investigation into her death. *“The killing of Abu Akleh is another serious attack on media freedom and freedom of expression, amid the escalation of violence in the occupied West Bank.(...) We demand a prompt, independent, impartial, effective, thorough and transparent investigation into the killing of Shireen Abu Akleh, in full compliance with the Revised United Nations Manual on the Effective Prevention and Investigation of Extra-Legal, Arbitrary and Summary Executions (The Minnesota Protocol on the Investigation of Potentially Unlawful Death). We urge the Israeli and Palestinian authorities and other stakeholders to cooperate with such an investigation."* **Powerful statement by Shireen Abu Akleh’s family** saying they are “incredulous” after the State Department released its finding, calling it “insulting to Shireen’s memory.”  ## E. Further linked incidents againt press freedom and Shireen Memory Her funeral was [assaulted by Israely Security Police](https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/5/13/mourners-bid-farewell-to-journalist-shireen-abu-akleh-live-news)throughout the procession in Jerusalem, with the coffin bearers being violently beaten with batons and prevented from moving forward. The coffin nearly fell to the ground multiple times. All of these scenes were filmed and broadcast around the world. The White House denounced the violence as “deeply disturbing.” Her memorial, located at the site where she was killed, was desecrated by Israeli forces during a raid in Jenin in October 2023. A D9 Caterpillar bulldozer was used to clear the road and destroy the street mural commemorating her.  *Picture: Samar Hazboun for The New York Times* During the Israeli raid on the Al Jazeera office to shut it down in September 2024, the poster in memory of Shireen that adorned the façade was immediately removed and torn apart in full view of the cameras. Her colleagues, and particulary Shatha Hanaysha, were subjected to threats and attempts on their lives while covering stories. On September 19, 2024, Israeli forces [violently arrested](https://x.com/DropSiteNews/status/1839358600449290417) prominent Palestinian journalist Mujahed al-Saadi, breaking into his home in the middle of the night in Jenin, an illegally occupied part of the West Bank. Al-Saadi had been present when the IDF shot and killed Shireen Abu Akleh in 2022 and had recently reported for Drop Site during Israel’s brutal 10-day siege of Jenin. ### The U.S. protection of the Israel impunity: “U.S. Assessment of Israeli Shooting of Journalist Divided”: On June 20, 2022, The NYT published an investigation showed that there were no armed Palestinians near her when she was shot. It contradicted Israeli claims that, if a soldier had mistakenly killed her, it was because he had been shooting at a Palestinian gunman. This investigation also showed that 16 shots were fired from the location of the Israeli convoy, as opposed to Israeli claims that the soldier had fired five bullets in the journalists’ direction. However, on July 2022, a State Department statement claims that the damage to the bullet made it difficult to draw a definitive conclusion about the gun it was fired from. But shots fired from the position of the Israel Defense Forces were “likely responsible for the death,” U.S. officials “found no reason to believe that this was intentional but rather the result of tragic circumstances during an I.D.F.-led military operation,”. The Israeli government had cast doubt on that, saying that she was hit by either an Israeli soldier or a Palestinian gunman. Israeli officers have said that an Israeli soldier from Duvdevan, an elite unit, fired in Ms. Abu Akleh’s direction, but that it was impossible to determine who shot her without examining the bullet. The New York Times revealed on Monday morning, October 27, 2025, new details regarding the killing of journalist Shireen Abu Akleh, who was shot dead by Israeli forces in 2022. According to the report, a U.S. Army colonel stated that the official U.S. assessment of the killing of Palestinian-American journalist Shireen Abu Akleh in 2022 was “deliberately softened” to avoid a diplomatic dispute with Israel, as reported by the Israeli newspaper Israel Hayom. The report added that some U.S. officials involved in reviewing the circumstances of the incident reached the conclusion that the shooting of Abu Akleh was intentional. The U.S. government conducted a review into the shooting of a journalist by Israeli forces. The assessment concluded that gunfire from Israeli military positions was “likely responsible” for the journalist’s death. However, American officials also stated they “found no reason to believe” the shooting was deliberate or constituted a policy of targeting journalists. The division among U.S. analysts and the qualifier “likely responsible” highlight the difficulty in attributing full accountability or intent in the circumstances.

At midday, an Israeli drone airstrike targeted the Abu Mazid family house in the town of Zawayd, central Gaza, killing four men from the family. **Names of the martyrs:** 1. Abdullah Hussein Abu Mazid 2. Muad Fouad Abu Mazid 3. Ahmad Fouad Abu Mazid 4. Ali Fawzi Abu Mazid

Mukhmas is a Palestinian village in the Jerusalem Governorate, northeast of Jerusalem in the West Bank. It had a population of about 1,363 in 2017. Much of its land is classified as Area C under Israeli control. Israeli settlers have repeatedly entered fields and orchards around Mukhmas, attacking residents, damaging property, and uprooting olive trees. Timeline of Key Events in Mukhmas (October 2023 – December 2025) ### In 2023 **On June 22, 2023** – New settler outpost established near Mukhmas Israeli settlers erected a makeshift outpost (mobile homes/caravans) on private Palestinian land near Mukhmas, east of occupied Jerusalem, as part of ongoing expansion efforts. The move came amid broader settler push into Palestinian areas. **On July 7, 2023** – Israeli settlers set fire to a Palestinian home in Mukhmas, leaving at least six people homeless as part of wider settler violence across the West Bank. **On October 6, 2023 :** Israeli settlers attacked the Palestinian town of Mukhmas near occupied Jerusalem, burning tires at the town’s entrances. ### In 2024 **On March 30, 2024:** A young Palestinian man (23) was shot and injured by Israeli settlers during a raid on Mukhmas. ### In 2025 **On January 5, 2025:** Israeli settlers bulldozed privately-owned Palestinian lands near Mukhmas as part of expansion efforts around the illegal Sde Yonatan outpost adjacent to Ma’ale Mikhmas. On May 23, After successfully expelling the community in Mughayir a-Dir, the settlers continue not far from there and enter the village of Mukhmas (مخماس), Al-Quds Governorate, and ask the residents when they intend to leave. **On May 30, 2025:** An activist's vehicle was vandalized by settlers, its tires slashed. **On June 11, 2025:** Settlers attacked Mukhmas in a coordinated attack with soldiers, three Human rights defenders were injured and a Palestinian accused of throwing rocks remains was arrested. Update, *Statement of Mistaclim:* "As part of the ethnic cleansing operations in Area C, the settlers are conducting the battles of "attack and whine" tactic. As always-the ultimate victims. In yesterday's violent settlers attack in Mukhmas, Rabbi Arik Asherman was wounded in the head and two other activists suffered fractures in their limbs. The Jewish terrorists, as usual, publish false versions. The army was there and chose, once again, not to stop the attack. Needless to say that the Jewish terrorists were not arrested." **On July 4, 2025:** Two settlers invaded residents' houses with their herd, looting furniture. **On July 19, 2025:** Settlers began paving a new settler road on privately-owned Palestinian lands east of Mukhmas, facilitated by nearby outposts. **On October 22, 2025:** Palestinian Ministry of Agriculture in Jerusalem states: "Israeli settler gangs have uprooted over 200 fruitful olive trees belonging to Palestinian farmers, aged over 30 years, in the town of Mukhmas, northeast of Jerusalem." **On November 3, 2025:** Settlers attacked the Khalat Sadrah gathering east of Mukhmas, destroying water networks and damaging property; previous attacks included a large raid on 25 October involving homes set on fire. **On November 11, 2025:** Settlers set fire to two vehicles owned by Palestinian residents in Mukhmas. A closed military zone order has been imposed on the village area, which soldiers enforce to keep away activists and visitors of the residents. However, when residents called last night to request similar enforcement against the settlers roaming the area, their calls were ignored. **On December 1st, 2025**: A group of settlers set up mobile homes and began preparing infrastructure on lands located east of the town, under the protection of the Israeli forces that stormed Mukhmas and deployed in its streets and neighborhoods to secure the settlement expansion proces **On December 6, 2025:** Armed settlers attacked Palestinian lands and attempted to assault homes in Mukhmas and surrounding areas, including at the Huthroura Bedouin community near Khan al-Ahmar. f Mikhmas, northeast of occupied Jerusalem, in a series of attacks that included an armed attack on Bedouin communities in the area. According to local sources, settlers released their herds of cows into olive fields owned by Palestinian farmers in the Wadi al-Baradiya area, before heading towards citizens’ homes in an attempt to attack them. However, the response of the young men prevented the attack from continuing and forced the settlers to withdraw. **On December 7 2025:** Settlers attacked Palestinian civilian vehicles on the main road near Mukhmas; no injuries were reported. **On December 14, 2025:** Illegal settlers cut down about 40 olive trees in the al-Hayy area of Mukhmas, damaging Palestinian agricultural land. Authorities noted the activity followed Israeli army demolition of a local park and playground earlier in December. **On December 22, 2025**, a gand of 6 masked settlers assaulted the vehicle of Jewish activist protecting the local Palestinian residents, throwing rocks and dammaging the properties.

Around 1:30 pm, an Israeli airstrike targeted the Suwairki family home on Moshtaha Street in Shujaiya neighborhood, east of Gaza City. Six people were killed, including three children and two women. **Names of the martyrs (identified):** 1. Mirfat Al-Suwairki 2. Farah Al-Suwairki (Mirfat's daughter) 3. Mutayam-billah Muhammad Al-Suwairki -child) 4. Hala Muhammad Al-Suwairki (child) 5. Sohad Al-Suwairki (Sources: [1](https://x.com/F24online/status/1874419788791107981) [2](https://x.com/refugeesps/status/1874445816703901870) [3](https://x.com/Qadeyah1/status/1874547060613304634)) **Photos** 

The Khallet El-Natsh area is a hill-land / grazing area east of Hebron (near the Avigayil settlement), often used by local Palestinian families for agriculture and herding. The Hebron area and South Hebron Hills (including Masafer Yatta and surrounding “Khallet” communities) have been repeatedly affected by settler violence and clashes with Palestinian residents. These include physical assaults, land access restrictions, property damage, and attacks on farmers and herders. ### Timeline of events: **On September 22, 2025**, Israeli settlers set a vehicle on fire and spray-painted slogans calling for revenge on walls at dawn in the Khallet al-Natsh area near the village of Bani Na'im. **On November 6, 2025**, the child Adam Hijazi Al-Shantir was injured after being assaulted by the Israeli settlers in the Khallet Al-Natsh area of Hebron, West Bank. Israeli settlers threw stones at residential houses in the Khallet al-Natsh neighbourhood, in east Hebron, and struck the young boy in the face. He was taken to hospital for treatment. **On December 6, 2025,** a group of Israeli settlers from the Avigayil settlement (an outpost east of Hebron) attacked Palestinian residents in the Khallet El-Natsh area. During that incident, settlers severely beat members of the local Idrees family, resulting in bruises and injuries that were treated on the spot;

E1, is a 4.5-square-mile (12-square-km) area of land in the West Bank, east of Jerusalem, that the Israeli government plans to develop as part of the Maʿale Adumim settlement and thereby connect one of its largest settlements to Jerusalem. Observers widely believe that construction on the site complicates the viability of a two-state solution to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. **On August 19, 2025,** Israel’s government, led by Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and driven by Finance Minister Bezalel Smotrich, with support from National Security Minister Itamar Ben-Gvir, advanced the long-controversial E1 settlement plan, widely seen as fatal to the two-state solution. The plan предусматривает 3,401 housing units in the E1 corridor between Ma’ale Adumim and Jerusalem, effectively cutting the West Bank in two and severing territorial continuity between Ramallah and Bethlehem, making a viable Palestinian state geographically impossible. An additional 3,515 units were announced in the nearby Tzippor Midbar area. Although the project must still pass through Israel’s formal planning procedures, the government has accelerated implementation, approving major infrastructure investments, including a 335 million-shekel road project and water-infrastructure relocations by Mekorot. Smotrich has framed the initiative as part of a policy of “de facto sovereignty” over the West Bank. Long opposed internationally and repeatedly stalled since the 1990s, the E1 plan has been revived amid the Gaza war, shifting geopolitical conditions, and a coalition openly committed to settlement expansion and annexation. Critics argue the move entrenches territorial fragmentation, forecloses future negotiations, and delivers a decisive blow to the possibility of Palestinian statehood.  ## **E1 Settlement Project Timeline (West Bank)** **1991:** The idea for development in E1 (East 1) — a strategic area east of Jerusalem between Ma’ale Adumim and Jerusalem — is first conceived during the government of Prime Minister Yitzhak Shamir. **Mid-1990s:** The plan is discussed under Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin as part of settlement expansion strategies. **2003–2005:** Prime Minister Ariel Sharon advances E1 planning in the context of the broader peace process, but work is frozen in 2005 under pressure from the United States and objections from the Palestinian Authority. **2012:** Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu revives the E1 plans in part as a response to the UN’s recognition of Palestine as a non-member state. However, strong international opposition (including from the US) leads to the plans being shelved again. **2020:** Netanyahu announces intentions to push ahead with the E1 project and publishes planning deposits for housing units — a first phase in the approval process — but progress remains limited. **2022:** The plan is reportedly postponed again, with US pressure cited as the reason, and objections remain unresolved. **Early 2025:** Under the wide-right coalition led by Netanyahu with Finance Minister Bezalel Smotrich, the government revives the E1 plan with increased political will. **August 14, 2025:** The Civil Administration’s Higher Planning Committee gives final approval to the controversial E1 settlement plan — about 3,400 housing units — between Jerusalem and Ma’ale Adumim. Smotrich publicly frames the move as undermining the possibility of a Palestinian state. **August 15, 2025:** Germany officially urges Israel to halt the E1 settlement construction, warning it will divide the West Bank and violate international law. **August 21–22, 2025:** he United Nations calls on Israel to abandon the E1 project, warning it would cut the West Bank in two and undermine the two-state solution. The EU and 21 countries jointly condemn the plan. **September 12, 2025:** Prime Minister Netanyahu signs an agreement to expand the E1 settlement, reaffirming that the move reinforces Israeli control and stating “there will be no Palestinian state.” **December 10, 2025:** Israel’s Land Authority issues tenders for construction of 3,401 settler homes in the E1 area, marking the transition from planning to execution and signaling operational momentum. **January 7–13, 2026:** Sources report that construction of a bypass road (“sovereignty road”) and preparatory infrastructure work in E1 is set to begin; critics emphasize that this further cements facts on the ground and threatens the territorial contiguity of a future Palestinian state. **January 18, 2026:** The E1 project, after decades of planning, obstacles, and political debate, has final approval, issued tenders, accelerated preparatory steps, and soon-to-start construction — widely seen as drastically reducing the feasibility of a contiguous Palestinian state.

Confrontations occur daily and have intensified since Israel nearly sealed off the town of Sinjil with various barriers and fences in the early months of 2025. Sinjil is surrounded by illegal settlements and outposts and has been cut off from nearby Palestinian hamlets. Moreover, attacks and pogroms by settlers have been taking place on a daily basis for months. This is part of a broader intensification of ethnic cleansing in the occupied West Bank, where Israeli military and settlers are rapidly displacing, killing, and erasing Palestinian communities.

Wadi Sa’ir (also spelled Wadi al-Sa’ir or Sa’ir Valley) is located northeast of Hebron in the southern part of the occupied West Bank, Palestine. It’s a hilly and agricultural area known for its olive groves and vineyards. Wadi Sa'ir is close of the town of Sa’ir (or Saer) lies close to the valley, home to about 20,000 Palestinians. The area has often been targeted by Israeli settlers from nearby settlements such as Asfar (Metzad) and Pnei Kedem, who attack farmers and destroy olive trees — particularly during the olive harvest season. Residents of Sa’ir said that the ongoing assaults by settlers and occupation forces are part of an ongoing effort to forcibly displace Palestinians from their lands to make way for settlement expansion. They noted that similar attacks are often carried out by settlers from “Asfar” and “Kedumim,” including the theft of dozens of sheep. ### **Timeline of the main incidents:** **In October 2023,** the Israeli army closed the main historical road leading to Jorat al-Khail, which branches from Wadi Sa'ir. An army bulldozer was used to block the road, forcing residents to find alternative, difficult, and long routes to transport their needs and livestock supplies, significantly increasing transportation costs. **In April 2024**, settlers attacked his brother Ibrahim (60 years old) while he was herding the family's livestock. Five masked settlers attacked him, and Ibrahim fled to protect his life (he had previously been physically assaulted by settlers). The settlers chased the herd, and by evening, they gathered the herd back into the pen. Upon counting, they found that six goats had been stolen by the settlers. **On the evening of Sunday, July 14, 2024**, Israeli soldiers raided the village, gathered its residents, and informed them that they would set up checkpoints around the settlement. They planned to count the residents and prevent non-residents from entering, aiming to restrict communication with these residents and pressure them to leave. **On April 26, 2025**, settlers from Asfar settlement injured three Palestinian farmers in Wadi Sa’ir, in Hebron governorate, using stones and sticks, and damaged their vehicle. **On June 30, 2025**, around 12 pm, a group of settlers from colonial outpost located on Sa’ir town lands set fire in the farmers’ lands, causing severe damages. They attacked ‘’Jourat Al Khail‘’ community east town, they were forced displacement due to these attacks, as the Israeli soldiers pursuing them and deporting settlers from the community, then settlers came back and set fire in agricultural lands, to preventing them from attacking what remains in ‘’Jourat Al Kail’’. **On July 12, 2025**, Settlers set fire to Palestinian homes in Wadi Sa'ir. **On August 18, 2025,** settlers set fire to Sa’ir lands (vineyards, olive, almond) in Wadi Saʿir area. WAFA reports that dozens of them from “Asfar” and "Kodufim," stormed Wadi Sa’ir and burned 10 dunums belonging to the Shalaldeh and Tarwa families, and that dozens of sheep are being stolen. **On September 1, 2025**, in the evening, dozens of settlers from the “Asfar” settlement stormed Wadi Sa’ir and torched dozens of dunums planted with grapevines, almond trees, and olive trees. The lands belong to the Shallaldeh and Al-Tarwa families, among others. **On October 27, 2025** Wadi Sa’ir witnessed the establishment of seven new settlement outposts, turning the area into a "closed military zone" & preventing farmers from accessing their lands & harvesting olives under threat of force. **On November 17, 2025,** a number of citizens were injured, and a house and two vehicles were burned in an attack carried out by settlers, protected by occupation forces, on the town of Sa'ir northeast of Hebron. Citizen Issa Shalaldeh told the official agency that a group of settlers attacked his family’s homes in the "Wadi Sa'ir" area, burning the house of his son Naseem and two family vehicles. The settlers assaulted the locals with batons and sharp tools, which resulted in injuries to several women, as well as causing significant damage to property. Israeli forces prevented ambulances and firefighting vehicles from reaching the "Wadi Sa'ir" area.

Issa Amro is a Palestinian human rights activist from Hebron, in the occupied West Bank.He is best known for promoting nonviolent resistance against the Israeli occupation and for documenting human rights abuses in Hebron. He continues to live in Hebron, where his home and neighborhood are frequently targeted by Israeli settlers and military restrictions. On October 2025, Parts of the area around his home have been declared a “closed military zone”, limiting his movement and activities. **Background and Work** Born in 1980 in Hebron’s Old City. He is the founder and coordinator of Youth Against Settlements (YAS), a grassroots group that organizes nonviolent protests, media tours, and human rights documentation in areas heavily restricted by Israeli forces and settlers. The group’s mission is to end segregation in Hebron, particularly on Shuhada Street, which Palestinians are largely banned from accessing. Amro frequently speaks to international delegations, journalists, and human rights organizations about the daily realities faced by Palestinians under occupation. **Arrests and Harassment** Amro has been arrested and tried multiple times by Israeli military courts for his activism — charges that human rights groups like Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch describe as politically motivated. He has also faced detention and intimidation from the Palestinian Authority, which has been criticized for repressing dissent.Amnesty International and the United Nations have called for an end to his harassment by both Israeli and Palestinian authorities. **Recognition** Amro has received several international awards and nominations for his commitment to peaceful activism. He has been praised by figures such as Bernie Sanders and Noam Chomsky, and has spoken at the United Nations and universities worldwide about nonviolent resistance. On September 2025, Issa Amro was included in the Time 100 Next list in the category "Leaders". The Gala toke place on October 31, in New York. *"Thirty miles east of the Gaza Strip stands another cauldron: Hebron, the largest city in the West Bank, is inhabited by 200,000 Palestinians, 800 Jewish settlers, some 1,000 Israeli soldiers, and Issa Amro, who exists as a category of his own. A student of Mohandas Gandhi and Martin Luther King Jr., Amro is far from the only Palestinian to embrace nonviolence. Polls show millions share his preference for a peaceful resolution to decades of conflict over Israel’s presence in the West Bank and Gaza. But few have had their conviction tested so sorely. As the founder of Youth Against Settlements, Amro spreads a gospel of resilience, passive resistance, and stubborn presence in one’s home. His philosophy stands in opposition to aggression from both settlers and soldiers, one of whom, right on camera, threw him to the ground and started kicking. Labeled a “provocateur” by the Israeli military, the activist has been honored by organizations from the European Union to the U.N. “See us as human beings,” Amro said, receiving the Right Livelihood Award in Berlin in June. “And see us as a nation.”* 

In Wadi Tiran (Masafer Yatta, south of Hebron), Palestinian shepherd families have faced escalating settler harassment since October 2023. Settlers from the nearby Havat Yehuda outpost graze sheep on Palestinian fields, reducing grazing for local animals, and sometimes use military personnel to enforce claims. Families report threats, home intrusions, property damage, destruction of the only village road, and drones monitoring daily life. Children have been endangered by settler flocks and dogs. These actions have created fear and insecurity, with some neighboring families already displaced. **On November 12, 2023:** Israeli settlers attacked the Palestinian herding community of Wadi Tiran, in the southern West Bank. This is after 2 threatening visits the day before. Israeli Police did nothing though residents reported specific individuals. They caused damages on resident vehicles. **On March 1 2024:** In the morning, a settler came from the direction of “Meitarim Farm” outpost to the wheat fields of Wadi Tiran village. He drove away the village children and the flocks and ran over one boy's foot before fleeing the scene. Te outpost, "Meitarim Farm" is home to Yinon Levi and Eilai Federman, who are under US sanctions after Levi *"led a group of settlers that engages in intimidation."* According to the UK, Feldman *"was involved in a large number of incidents against Palestinian shepherds in the South Hebron Hills."* Together with other youths, and with the full support and assistance of the army, Levy and Friedman have expelled five Palestinian villages in the area. Wadi Tiran is the only village around whose residents have not yet fled. In the afternoon, a few hours after the sheep herd was expelled in Wadi Tiran, settlers returned to the village. This time they came on horseback, and drove out the herd again. All this happens with the knowledge and encouragement of the IDF, which monitors and follows and intervenes only when the settlers' thugs are in danger. The police did nothing when the settlers expelled the five villages. The police did nothing when Yinon Levi blocked off Wadi Tiran from all sides with a bulldozer. The police did nothing when settlers came down and attacked the village, vandalizing vehicles and threatening to murder residents. **On March 11, 2024:** A convoy of bulldozers arrived in the village of Wadi Tiran to demolish a residential room in the house of an old man who was born in the village long before the occupation of the West Bank. **On June 8, 2024:** "Ynon Levi, armed with a pistol, and Eili Federman, two settlers from the Meitarim Farm outpost who were responsible for the expulsion of several villages at the beginning of the war, arrived today to harass the residents of Wadi Tiran while they were harvesting their hay on privately owned land near the village of Shuweika." **On September 27, 2024:** Just after having forcibly expelled hundreds of residents from Zanuta (Masafer Yatta), setters have started to harrass additional Palestinian communities in the area in order to appropriate their land. This settler attacked a family in Wadi Tiran and then blocked Rabbis for Human Rights activist from accessing the area. **On February 5, 2025:** Masked settlers near Al Dhahriya abducted a young shepherd from Wadi Tiran, blindfolded and tied him, and mocked him while accusing him of grazing on land they sought to seize. The land had long been farmed by his family, but a settler from the nearby Havat Yehuda outpost recently plowed it to claim control. After detaining him for about an hour, the settlers drove him around, mistreated him, and eventually abandoned him several kilometers from his home. **On Augustus 5, 2025** Settlers on an ATV stormed into the village lands, speeding and sounding loud sirens to torment the residents and their livestock. The abuse of the residents of Wadi Tiran—a small community on the outskirts of the town of Dhahiriya has been intensifying again recently, and the access road to the village was blocked months ago by settlers from the Meitarim Farm outpost. Since the nearby village of Zanuta was expelled, the residents of Wadi Tiran have experienced violence, property damage, and threats, in addition to frequent incidents of flocks being driven off their grazing lands and repeated acts of intimidation. **On September 12, 2025:** In the evening, settler women on an ATV (arboring the "Third Temple" flag) invaded the village of Wadi Tiran; one of them cut a barbed-wire fence in a Palestinian residential compound and entered it with her companions, waving a box cutter proudly."